| 単語（英語） | 単語（日本語） | 英文 |
|---|
| absolute temperature | 絶対温度 | The (a t ) scale starts at a point called absolute zero. |
| acceleration due to gravity | 重力加速度 | An object falling toward the ground accelerates as it falls, because of the pull of gravity. The value of (a d t g ) can be determined using the equipment shown in the diagram. |
| Amplitude | 振幅 | (A ) is the size of a wave measured from its peak to its rest position. |
| Atmospheric pressure | 大気圧 | (A p ) is the pressure exerted by the weight of air particles. |
| center of gravity | 重心 | An object's (c o g ) is the point through which its total weight is considered to act. |
| commutator | 電流転換器 | A (c ), formed of a metal ring split into two halves, is used to reverse the current direction in the coil every half turn making the motion of the coil continuous. |
| condensing | 凝固 | The change from a gas to liquid is called (c ) and the change from a liquid to a solid is called freezing. |
| constant velocity | 等速度 | An object whose velocity does not change is said to have a (c v ). |
| convection | 対流 | The most efficient way of transferring heat in liquids and gases is by (c ). |
| converging lenses, diverging lenses | 凸レンズ、凹レンズ | There are two main types of lens: (c l ) which have outward curving surfaces, and (d l ) which have inward curving surfaces. |
| coulombs | クーロン | The magnitude of the electric charge on an object is measured in (c ). |
| critical angle | 臨界角 | If a light ray emerging from glass into air skims along the surface of the glass, its angle of incidence is called the (c a ). |
| diffraction | 回折 | (D ) occurs when waves bend around a barrier or spread out after passing through a gap. |
| ear drum | 鼓膜 | Sound waves travel down the ear canal to the (e d ). |
| elastic | 弾性の | If its molecules return to their original position, the distortion is called (e ). |
| elastic limit | 弾性限界 | If the substance is stretched further than this point, it reaches its (e l ). |
| electromagnetic induction | 電磁誘導 | If the wire forms a circuit, the e.m.f. causes a current to flow. This effect is called (e i ). |
| electromagnetism | 電磁気 | When an electric current flows in a conductor it produces a magnetic field. This effect is called (e ). |
| electromagnets | 電磁石 | The electromagnetic effect is used to make powerful magnets called (e ). |
| electromotive force | 起電力 | If a conductor wire is moved in a magnetic field so that it cuts through the magnetic field lines, an (e f ) is induced in the wire. |
| energy conversion | エネルギー変換 | When energy changes from one form to another it is called (e c ). |
| equilibrium | 均衡 | If an object is in (e ) (or balanced), the sum of the clockwise moments about any point is equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moments about the same point. |
| ferromagnetic | 強磁性の | Material which react in this way are called (f ). |
| field | 場 | The region in which the force act is called a (f ). |
| focus length | 焦点距離 | The (f l ) is the distance from the optical center to the principal focus. |
| force | 力 | A (f ) is a push or a pull which can affect the motion of an object by changing its speed or direction. |
| Frequency | 周波数 | (F ) is the number of complete waves made in one second. |
| Friction | 摩擦 | (F ) is the force which resists the motion of two materials rubbing together. |
| fulcrum | 支点 | If an object is fixed at a point around which it may rotate, the point is called the (f ). |
| galvanometer | 検流計 | (G ) measures electric current. They contain moving coil which turns when a current flows through it. |
| gradient | 傾き | The (g ) shows the rate of change of the quantity plotted on the x-axis. |
| Gravitational Potential energy | 位置エネルギー | (G p e ) is an example of potential energy. It is the energy an object has because of its position above the earth. |
| incident ray | 入射光 | The (i r ) is the light ray before reflection. |
| induction | 誘導 | The two main way of producing electric charge are by friction and (i ). |
| Kinetic energy | 運動エネルギー | (K e ) is the energy possessed by any object because it is moving. |
| load | 荷重 | The force moved by an effort is called the (l ). |
| long-sighted | 遠視の | A (l ) person has difficulty focusing on close objects because the light rays are focused behind the retina. |
| magnetic induction | 磁気誘導 | If materials such as cobalt, nickel or iron are put near a magnet they begin to act like magnets. This is called (m i ). |
| mercury barometer | 水銀気圧計 | The column of mercury in a (m b ) is pushed up the glass tube by air pressure. |
| moment | モーメント | This turning effect is called a (m ). This is written: (M ) = force x distance from fulcrum. |
| momentum | 運動量 | The (m ) of an object is its mass multiplied by its velocity. |
| normal | 法線 | The (n ) is a line at right angles to the mirror's surface at the point where the light ray hits the mirror. |
| north pole | Ｎ極 | The end which points north is called the (n p ). |
| parallel | 並列 | A (p ) circuit has more than one path for the current. |
| penumbra | 半影 | If the source of light is large, a shadow with blurred edges, called a (p ), is formed around the umbra. |
| Period | 周期 | (P ) is the time take for one wave motion to be completed. |
| plastic | 塑性の | If the object remains distorted when the force is removed, its distortion is called (p ). |
| principal focus | 焦点 | The (p f ) is the point at which all rays traveling parallel to the principal axis intersect after refraction. |
| pulley | 滑車 | A (p ) is a machine made up of one or more wheels and a rope, belt or chain. |
| pupil | 瞳孔 | The colored iris contains a hole called the (p ). |
| real object | 実像 | A (r i ) is formed when rays from an object actually pass through the image, as in the pinhole camera. |
| rectification | 整流 | Diodes can be used to change a.c. to d.c. in a process called (r ). |
| reflected ray | 反射光 | The (r r ) is the light ray after reflection. |
| Refraction | 屈折 | (R ) is the change in the direction of a wave as it passes from one medium to another. |
| retina | 網膜 | Light rays are refracted by the cornea and the lens to form an image on the (r ). |
| rheostats | 加減抵抗器 | Variable resistors are called (r ). |
| scalar | 数字 | A (s ) quantity is one which has magnitude only. |
| series | 直列 | A (s ) circuit has a single path for the current. |
| short-sighted | 近眼の | A (s ) person has difficulty focusing on distant objects because the light rays are focused in front of the retina. |
| solenoid | ソレノイド | A (s ) is a cylindrical coil of insulated wire. |
| south pole | Ｓ極 | The end which points south is called the (s p ). |
| transformers | 変圧器 | (T ) are used to change the size of a voltage. |
| Trough | （波の）谷 | (T ) - points of maximum negative displacement. |
| umbra | 本影 | If light rays from a small source hit an object in their path, a sharp edged shadow or (u ) is formed. |
| uniform acceleration | 等加速度 | An object whose velocity is changing by the same amount in equal periods of time is said to be moving with (u a ). |
| vector | ベクトル | A (v ) quantity is one which has both direction and magnitude. |
| virtual image | 虚像 | A (v i ) is formed when, for example, light rays from an object placed in front of a mirror are reflected into the human eye. |
| Wavelength | 波長 | (W ) is the length of one wave measured between two identical points in the wave's motion (for example, two consecutive peaks). |
| x-axis | Ｘ軸 | Draw two axes. Along the (x-a ) plot the quantity which is varied during an experiment. |
| y-axis | Ｙ軸 | Along (y-a ) plot the quantity which changes as a result. |