単語(英語) | 単語(日本語) | 英文 |
abiotic | 生命力の欠如した | Ecology is the study of the environment. It looks at the relationship between the biotic world and the (a ) (non-living) world they inhabit. |
acquisition | 獲得 | The (a ) of land was more than a hobby for him. |
alimentary canal | 消化管 | Food passes from the mouth into the gut or (a c ), a long tube running from the mouth to the anus. |
allele | 対立遺伝子 | Each alternative form that a gene can have is called an (a ). |
ambush | 待ち伏せ | Although the enemy force was smaller, their (a ) was very effective. |
amino acid | アミノ酸 | Proteins are large molecules made up of smaller units called (a a ). |
ammunition | 弾薬 | All of the (a ) was soaked. |
Analgesics | 鎮痛剤 | (A ) are painkillers. |
antibodies | 抗体 | Lymphocytes produce chemicals called (a ), which help phagocytes destroy pathogens or neutralize the poisons they produce. |
antigen | 抗原 | Any pathogen that stimulates production of an antibody is called (a ). |
arteries, veins, capillaries | 動脈、静脈、毛細血管 | This consists of the blood, a liquid which carries materials to and from the cells, the heart which pumps blood around the body and blood vessels ((a ), (v ) and (c )), tubes which carry blood. |
Arthropods | 節足動物 | (A ) - animals with segmented bodies jointed legs and a hard exoskeleton. |
Asexual reproduction | 無性生殖 | (A r ) is a form of reproduction that involves only one parent and creates organisms that are genetically identical to their parent. |
atria, ventricles | 心房、心室 | The heart is a muscular organ which, unlike other muscles, never tires. It consists of four chambers: two (a ) and two (v ). |
auxin | 生物成長物質 | The tip of a shoot produces an (a ) which has two important properties. |
bicarbonate | 重炭酸ナトリウム | Add hydrochloric acid and boil for ten minutes. Let it cool, then add a little (b ) solution. |
bronchi | 気管支 | The trachea divides into two branches, the (b )(sing. bronchus), which lead to the lungs. |
bulbs | 球根 | Daffodils form (b ), short stems surrounded by fleshy leaves filled with food. |
Canines | 犬歯 | (C ) are longer, more pointed teeth. |
Carbohydrates | 炭水化物 | (C ) are an important source of energy. |
Carnivores | 肉食動物 | (C ) eat meat. |
cartilage | 軟骨 | The skeleton is made of two tissues called bone and (c ). |
cartilage | 軟骨 | Rings of gristle, called (c ), support and keep the windpipe open. |
cavalry, artillery | 機甲隊、砲兵隊 | He had never commanded (c ) or (a ). |
cavities | 虫歯 | The bacteria release acids that dissolve the tooth's enamel and dentine, making (c )(holes) and causing slight toothache. |
cell membrane | 細胞膜 | The (c m ) is a barrier between the cytoplasm and the cell's surroundings. |
cellulose | セルロース | The cell wall is a strong mesh made of tough fibers called (c ). |
Centipedes | ムカデ類 | (C ) - arthropods with many pairs of legs and one pair of antennae. |
central nervous system, peripheral nervous system | 中枢神経系、末梢神経系 | The nervous system consists of two parts: the (c n s ) (CNS) and the (p n s ) (PNS). |
centriole | 中心小体 | The (c ) is involved in cell division. |
cerebellum | 小脳 | The (c ) is co-ordinates muscle movements and balance, as directed by the cerebrum. |
cerebrum | 大脳 | The (c ) is the decision-making center. |
chlorophyll | 葉緑素 | They contain a green pigment called (c ). |
chloroplasts | 葉緑体 | (C ) are the structures that make plants green. |
Chromosomes | 染色体 | (C ) are long, thread-like structures found in the nuclei of all cells. |
cilia | 繊毛 | Ciliated cells are found in the nose and windpipe. On their surface they have thin strands of cytoplasm called (c ). |
composed | 落ち着いた | His demeanor at all times (c ) and dignified. |
condemned | 強く非難する | The royal governor promptly (c ) the measure, but Washington did not change his mind. |
confiscate | 没収する | Their goal was to (c ) the gunpowder and cannonballs that had been collected. |
Conifers | 針葉樹 | (C ) - cone-bearing plants which seeds but without flowers or fruits. |
contraception | 避妊 | Conception includes fertilization, and the implantation of an embryo in the uterus. (C ) is any device which prevent this. |
copulation | 交尾 | The two cells are brought together by a process called (c ). |
cornea | 角膜 | The (c ) is a transparent disc in the front part of the sclera. |
cytoplasm | 細胞質 | (C ) is a watery jelly-like solution in which all the chemical reactions of the cell (known as the metabolism) take place. |
decently | 見苦しくなく | Have me (d ) buried, and do not let my body be put into the vault in less than two days after I am dead. |
decomposers | 腐生生物 | All food chains also rely on (d ), saprophytic organisms that feed on the dead remains of plants and animals. |
dedication | 献身 | Von Steuben spoke German and very little English, but his enthusiasm and (d ) were easily understood by all. |
deferential | 敬意を表する | In conversation, he looks you full in the face, is deliberate, (d ), and engaging. |
Dentine | 象牙質 | (D ) is a bone-like substance that supports the tooth. |
Deoxyribonucleic acid | デオキシリボ核酸 | (D a ) is a large molecule twisted in a spiral staircase shape. |
deserters | 脱走兵 | The British claimed that these sailors were actually British (d ). |
diaphragm | 横隔膜 | (D ), a sheet of muscular tissue. |
digestive juices | 消化液 | It is broken down physically by chewing, and chemically by the action of (d j ). |
disband | 解散する | Perhaps they should not (d ), even if ordered to, until their claims were on. |
dispersal | 拡散 | In order to prevent overcrowding and competition for space, light and water, seeds and fruits are carried away from the parent plant. This is called (d ). |
dominant | 優勢な | A (d ) allele always affects an individual's phenotype, even when it is part of a heterozygous pair of alleles. |
ecosystems | 生態系 | Habitats and communities that interact to create a self-sustaining unit are called (e ). |
ejaculation | 射精 | This sets off a reflex action which results in semen being ejected into the vagina. This is called (e ). |
embryos | 胎児(胚子) | While they are growing and developing, many organisms are called (e ). |
enamel | エナメル質 | The (e ) is a hard layer surrounding the crown for biting and grinding. |
endocrine | 内分泌 | The (e ) system is responsible for changes which affect the whole body, or take place over a long period of time. |
endoplasmic reticulum | 小胞体 | The (e r ) transports materials around the cell. |
enlisted | 兵籍に入る | Before long Lawrence (e ) with a colonial regiment serving with the British Navy, which was fighting the Spanish in the Caribbean. |
epidermis | 表皮 | The (e ) protects the skin. |
epithelium | 上皮組織 | Cells of the same type combine to form tissue. One of the simplest type of tissue is (e ), which is made up of pavement cells. |
erectile | 勃起性の | Consists of a soft tissue called (e ) tissue, blood vessels and nerve endings. |
evicted | 立ち退かされる | In 1786, after taxes were raised again, many farmers there fell into debt and were (e ) from their property by the courts. |
evolution | 進化 | Many scientists believe that organisms have changed over many millions of years, becoming more and more complex. This is called (e ). |
excretion | 排せつ | Metabolism produces some poisonous waste products which have to be removed. Getting rid of them is called (e ). |
executive, legislative | 行政の、立法の | The delegates decided that under a constitution, the federal government would be divided into three branches - the (e ), the (l ), and the judicial. |
eye-piece lens | 接眼レンズ | The (e l ) magnifies the image received by the objective lens, creating the image you see. |
factions | 党派 | He was the only figure that the different political (f ) would happily accept. |
fertilization | 受精 | Copulation may result in (f ), the fusing of the nuclei of the two gametes. |
fetus | 胎児 | The growing embryo, also called (f ), becomes surrounded by an amniotic sac, a bag containing watery liquid called amniotic fluid. |
flaccid | しまりの無い | If a plant is not getting enough water, the packing cells begin to shrink and become limp, or (f ), and the plant wilts. |
floes | 氷原 | Instead, they found the river filled with ice (f ) rushing along in the current. |
foes | 敵 | But he remained patient, refusing to create an incident that his (f ) might use against him. |
food chain | 食物連鎖 | One species eats another, which in turn, is eaten by another species. This is called a (f ). |
forded | 歩いて渡れる程浅い | In a month of traveling, the two Georges met Indians, (f ) rivers swollen with winter snow, saw rattlesnakes, traveled by canoe, and watched their tent carried off one night in a strong wind. |
forks | 分岐点 | On the way there they met thirty-three members of the Ohio Company returning from the (f ). |
fortify | 強化する | He therefore carelessly failed to (f ) Dorchester Heights, a strategically important site just south of Boston. |
fungi | 真菌 | (F ) -organisms which cannot photosynthesize. |
fungi | 菌 | Pathogenic (f ) usually affect the outside of rather than the inside of the body. |
gall bladder | 胆嚢 | The liver produces a fluid called bile which is stored in the (g b ). |
gargled | うがいする | Under the care of local doctors, he (g ) with a mixture of molasses, vinegar, and butter. |
gastric juices | 胃液 | Food is chewed up with (g j ) in the stomach. |
genes | 遺伝子 | DNA is arranged in units called (g ). |
genetics | 遺伝学 | The study of inheritance is called (g ). |
Germination | 発芽 | (G ) is the growth of a new plant from a seed. |
gestation | 妊娠 | The time between implantation and birth called pregnancy, or (g ). |
gills | えら | Fish use (g ) for gas exchange. |
glands | 腺 | These juices contain enzymes, and are secreted by special organs, called (g ). |
Glans | 亀頭 | (G ) - very sensitive tip of penis. |
glucose | ブドウ糖 | One of the simplest carbohydrates is (g ), which is made by plants during photosynthesis. |
glycerol | グリセロール | One fat molecule consists of three chains of chemical, called fatty acids, attached to one molecule of (g ). |
glycogen | グリコーゲン | In animals, glucose molecules combine to form (g ) molecules. |
golgi body | ゴルジ体 | The (g b ) collects and distributes the cell's products in special sacs. |
Growth hormone | 成長ホルモン | (G h ) controls growth of bones and muscles. |
grumbling | 不平を言う | They were not likely to re-enlist with an army that could not keep their stomachs from (g ). |
habitat | 生息地 | The particular place where an organism lives is called its (h ). |
Hallucinogens | 幻覚剤 | (H ) cause hallucinations, visual images that are sensed but don't actually exist. |
hastily | 急に | While the war was in progress, regional differences and jealousies were (h ) put aside. |
Herbivores | 草食動物 | (H ) eat plants. |
hermaphrodites | 雌雄同体 | Most plants are (h ) , which means that each flower has both male and female sex organs. |
homeostasis | 恒常性 | Keeping the body, and the chemicals inside it, in a stable condition is called (h ). |
immunity | 免疫 | Active (i ) can be artificially brought on by injecting a weakened form of an antigen into the body; not enough to cause the disease, but enough to make the lymphocytes produce antibodies against it. |
inaugurated | 就任する | On April 30, Washington was (i ) before a large crowd after traveling in a parade. |
inauguration | 就任 | On March 3, 1797, the day before Adams's (i ), Washington pardoned ten men who were convicted of treason for their part in the Whisky Rebellion. |
Incisors | 切歯 | (I ) are chisel-shaped teeth used for biting off small pieces of food. |
indifferent | 無関心な | It was not the nave itself that appealed to him - he was (i ) to boats - so much as the prospect for adventure. |
intensified | 強められる | The threat to Washington (i ) when the Board of War, which supervised war operations, was reorganized with his opponents in control. |
joint | 関節 | A (j ) is where two or more bones meet. |
labor | 陣痛 | Finally the baby is squeezed out through the vagina by strong contractions of the muscles in the uterus. This is called (l ). |
large intestine | 大腸 | The (l i ) consists of the colon and the rectum. |
ligaments | 靭帯 | They are joined together by inelastic fibers, called (l ). |
locomotion | 運動 | Animals usually move their whole bodies and can travel from one place to another. This form of movement is called (l ). |
locus | 遺伝子座 | At a specific position on a chromosome called a (l ) (pl. loci), homologous chromosome carry genes determining the same characteristic, or making the same chemical. |
lymph tubes | リンパ腺 | The lymphatic system is a series of small (l t ) which join to form larger ducts. |
Lymphocytes | リンパ球 | (L ) are made in swellings in the tubes of the lymphatic system, called lymph nodes. |
magnification value | 倍率 | Each lens has a (m v ) which tells you how many times bigger it makes an object appear. |
malnourished | 栄養失調 | People who do not eat healthily become (m ). |
maneuvered | 演習する | The two sides (m ) here and there, and when the dust cleared, one side had won and the other had lost. |
marrow | 髄 | In the center of bones there is a substance called (m ). |
medulla | 脊髄 | The (m ), under the direction of the hypothalamus, controls some involuntary actions, such as heart rate. |
menstruating | 月経 | If no embryo has implanted, the blood lining of the uterus breaks down and passes out of the vagina. This is called 'having a period' or (m ). |
mesophyll | 葉肉 | Spongy (m ) cells are rounded cells, surrounded by air spaces, into and out of which gases diffuse. |
metabolism | 新陳代謝 | Energy is needed for the (m ). |
mingled | 入り混じる | At Mount Vernon and Belvoir, George (m ) with a sophisticated and educated group of people. |
mitochondrion | ミトコンドリア | The (m ) is where respiration takes place. |
mitosis | 有糸分裂 | To allow growth to continue, the cell divides to form new cells, which in turn, grow and divide. This type of cell division is called (m ), and is the basis of all growth. |
Molars | 臼歯 | (M ) and premolars are the cheek teeth. |
Mollusks | 軟体動物 | (M )- soft-bodied animals with shells. |
morale | 士気 | It boosted the (m ) and stature of the new American government. |
mutation | 突然変異 | Variation is also caused by (m ), a permanent change in the genetic material of a cell. |
mutiny | 暴動 | Negotiations ended the (m ), but the settlement was expensive. |
natural selection | 自然選択 | The theory of (n s ) states that the individual organism best adapted to the environment will survive. |
nectar | 花蜜 | In some plants it produces a sugary liquid called (n ). |
neurons | ニューロン | The nerve cells that make up the PNS and CNS are called (n ). |
Nucleic acids | 核酸 | (N a ) are molecules found in the cell's nucleus. |
nucleus | 核 | The (n ) is the 'control center' of the cell, containing long thin threads called chromosomes. |
obese | 肥満 | When people eat too much the extra food is stored under their skin and they become (o ). |
objective lens | 対物レンズ | The (o l ) magnifies the specimen, producing the image which is in turn magnified by the eye-piece lens. |
offspring | 子孫 | All living things produce new versions of themselves, called their (o ). |
Omnivores | 雑食動物 | (O ) eat both plants and meat. |
organelle | 細胞器官 | Each part of the cell, called an (o ), is like a different department doing its own job. |
osmoregulation | 浸透圧調整 | The kidneys control the water potential of the body fluids by regulating the amount of water and dissolved substances that are reabsorbed in the blood from the enthrone. This is called (o ). |
Osmosis | 浸透 | (O ) is the flow of water across a selectively-permeable membrane, from a weak to a strong solution. |
ovulation | 排卵 | After the onset of puberty, one egg matures every 28 days and is released into the oviduct. This is called (o ) and is part of the menstrual cycle. |
ovum | 卵子 | In humans, a female sex cell, called an egg or (o ), joins a male sex cell, called a sperm. |
pancreas | すい臓 | The (p ) produces pancreatic juice. |
parasites | 寄生虫 | Other feed on living organisms and are called (p ). |
pathogen | 病原菌 | Some are caused by parasitic organisms, called (p ), which live in or off another living. |
peristalsis | ぜん動運動 | While the longitudinal muscles relax, the circular muscles contract, pushing food along the gut. This is called (p ). |
Phagocytes | 食細胞 | (P ) engulf bacteria and digest them in a special food vacuole. |
photosynthesis | 光合成 | Unlike animals, however, plants can make their own food by a chemical process called (p ). |
placenta | 胎盤 | After a few weeks, however, a special plate-shaped organ develops, called the (p ). |
plaque | 歯垢 | Bacteria in the mouth feed on sugar left on the teeth and form a mixture called (p ). |
Plasma | 血漿 | (P ) is a watery liquid which transports dissolved food and waste. |
Platelets | 血小板 | (P ) are tiny cell fragments important in blood clotting. |
pledge | 誓約する | When the Americans did not immediately (p ) support for the French, he began traveling around making speeches. |
ploys | 策略 | His mind was uncluttered by schemes and (p ). |
pollination | 授粉 | The first stage of sexual reproduction in flowering plants is (p ). |
Proclamation | 宣言 | King George III issued the (P ) of 1763, which banned settlement west of the Appalachian. |
Puberty | 思春期 | (P ) is a series of body changes, stimulated by hormones from the pituitary gland and sex organs, which make a person capable of reproducing. |
pupil | 瞳孔 | The iris is an opaque disc with a central hole, called the (p ). |
rebel | 反逆 | Although it was important that he reach his army, he also needed to draw more support to the (r ) cause. |
receptor | 受容器官 | (R ) - a cell or group of cells, called sensory cells, sensitive to a particular stimulus. |
recessive | 劣勢な | A (r ) allele only affects the phenotype when it is part of a homozygous pair. |
Red blood cells | 赤血球 | (R b c ) are disc-shaped cells are disc-shaped cells made in the bone marrow. |
reproduction | 生殖 | Sexual (r ) creates offspring by joining together a male and a female sex cell. |
respiration | 呼吸 | All living things get energy from food in a process called (r ). |
retina | 網膜 | The (r ) is the innermost layer of tissue at the back of the eyeball. |
retreating | 退却した | The (r ) British sailed from Boston to New York City. |
Ribosomes | リボゾーム | (R ) held build up complex substances called proteins. |
roughage | 繊維質 | It cannot be digested by mammals, but it is important because it provides (r ), coarse material which helps food move through the gut. |
saliva | だ液 | Food is chewed and mixed with (s ) in the mouth. |
scurvy | 壊血病 | Lack of vitamin C causes a disease called (s ) in which the skin and gums bleed. |
Sedatives | 鎮静剤 | (S ) are drugs that slow down the brain. |
sentries | 見張り番 | They are as cold as we are, thought the (s ). |
skeleton | 骨格 | A (s ) is one kind of support. |
small intestine | 小腸 | The (s i ) consists of the duodenum and the ileum. |
speculated in | 投機する | As a private citizen, Dinwiddle was also a member of the Ohio Company, a business group that (s i ) and developed land grants. |
squire | 大地主 | In fact, he enjoyed being a country (s ). |
squirmed | 不快に耐える | George was a polite and dutiful son, but he (s ) under his mother's gaze and longed to escape from it. |
Stamen | おしべ | (S ) - male reproductive part. |
starch | でんぷん | In plants, glucose molecules join together to form larger carbohydrate molecules called (s ). |
Stimulants | 刺激剤 | (S ) speed up the brain and make it more alert. |
substrate | 基質 | Each enzyme attaches itself to one type of molecule, called the (s ), and builds it up or break it down into new molecules called products. |
testicle | 睾丸 | (T ) - place where sperm are made once puberty is reached. |
thorax | 胸部 | In humans the lungs are the main respiratory surface. They are found side-by-side in the (t ). |
Thyroxine | 甲状腺ホルモン | (T ) controls rate of metabolism and rate that glucose is used up in respiration. |
traitorous | 反逆の | Although Lee's behavior bordered on treason, and he was later court-martialed, it was not the only (t ) act of the war. |
Transpiration | 発散 | (T ) is the evaporation of water out of the plant, through pores in the leaves called stomata. |
tropisms | 屈性 | Most plants responses involve growth either away from or towards a stimulus. These responses are called (t ) and are controlled by plant hormones called auxins. |
turgid | はれ上がった | Packing cells in this condition are said to be (t ). |
umbilical cord | へその緒 | The body is connected to the placenta by a cord, called the (u c ). |
urea | 尿素 | The part of amino acid which contains nitrogen is converted to a substance called (u ) and is excreted. |
ureter | 尿管 | Urine passes from the nephron into a tube called the (u ). |
urethra | 尿道 | The ureter carries urine to the bladder from where it is expelled from the body through a tube called the (u ). |
urine | 尿 | The remaining waste solution is called (u ) and consists of salts, water and urea. |
Uterus | 子宮 | (U ) or womb - hollow organ in which a fertilized ovum develops. |
vacuole | 液胞 | The large (v ) is a fluid-filled sac which holds water and the products of the cell's metabolism. |
ventilation | 排気 | The movement of air in and out of the lungs is called (v ). |
villi | じゅう毛 | The surface area of the ileum is greatly increased by thousand of small fingerlike projections called (v ). |
White blood cells | 白血球 | (W b c ) are large cells, important in body defense. |
Xylem | 木質部 | (X ) carries water and minerals up the plant (see below). |
zygote | 接合子 | Most multicellular animals and plants begin life as a single cell, called a (z ). |